Oxidative-Nitrative Stress and Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activation 3 Years after Pregnancy

Trapping Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase.

Recent findings indicate that a major mechanism by which poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors kill cancer cells is by trapping PARP1 and PARP2 to the sites of DNA damage. The PARP enzyme-inhibitor complex "locks" onto damaged DNA and prevents DNA repair, replication, and transcription, leading to cell death. Several clinical-stage PARP inhibitors, including veliparib, rucaparib, olapar...

Microglial Activation, Proliferation, and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Promotes

ADP-ribosyl-acceptor hydrolase 3 regulates poly (ADP-ribose) degradation and cell death during oxidative stress.

Poly (ADP ribose) (PAR) formation catalyzed by PAR polymerase 1 in response to genotoxic stress mediates cell death due to necrosis and apoptosis. PAR glycohydrolase (PARG) has been thought to be the only enzyme responsible for hydrolysis of PAR in vivo. However, we show an alternative PAR-degradation pathway, resulting from action of ADP ribosyl-acceptor hydrolase (ARH) 3. PARG and ARH3, actin...

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in the reperfused myocardium.

The activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is now considered a final common effector in various types of tissue injury including systemic inflammation, circulatory shock and ischemia/reperfusion. Free radical and oxidant production and related cytotoxicity during ischemia/reperfusion leads to DNA strand breakage which activates the nuclear enzyme PARP and initiates an energy-consuming...

A Fast Signal–Induced Activation of Poly(Adp-Ribose) Polymerase

We present the first evidence for a fast activation of the nuclear protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by signals evoked in the cell membrane, constituting a novel mode of signaling to the cell nucleus. PARP, an abundant, highly conserved, chromatin-bound protein found only in eukaryotes, exclusively catalyzes polyADP-ribosylation of DNA-binding proteins, thereby modulating their activit...